Urinary Tract Infections in Children

In a Reference urinary tract infection (UTI) Opens New Window, bacteria usually enter the Reference urinary tract Opens New Window Reference Opens New Window through the Reference urethra Opens New Window. They may then travel up the urinary tract and infect the bladder (Reference cystitis Opens New Window) and the kidneys (Reference pyelonephritis Opens New Window). Most UTIs in children clear up quickly with proper Reference antibiotic Opens New Window treatment.

The biggest concern over UTIs in children is that they can cause permanent kidney damage and scarring. Repeated scarring can lead to Reference high blood pressure Opens New Window and reduced kidney function, including Reference kidney failure Opens New Window. Infants and young children seem to be at higher risk for this complication.

The risk of irreversible kidney damage makes early medical evaluation and treatment of UTIs in infants and young children very important. Unfortunately, detecting UTIs in infants and young children can be difficult. Unlike symptoms in older children and adults, symptoms in the very young can be vague and inconsistent.

Serious short-term complications of UTIs are unusual but do occur. They include an Reference abscess Opens New Window in the urinary tract, acute kidney failure, and widespread infection (Reference sepsis), which can be life-threatening. These complications are more likely in Reference premature infants Opens New Window and newborns and in infants with Reference urinary tract obstructions.

Recurrent UTIs

Infants and young children often get another UTI during the months after their first UTI. If an infection comes back (recurs), it usually happens within the same year as the first UTI.

Recurrent UTIs in a child can mean that there is a problem with the structure or function of the urinary tract. Because repeated infections increase the risk of permanent kidney damage, your child's doctor will evaluate and monitor any structural or functional problems. In some cases, your child may need surgery.

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This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Reference Terms of Use. Reference How this information was developed to help you make better health decisions.