--- title: "Racial differences: gestational diabetes prevalence, risks. | Sutter Health" description: "Relative contributions of risk factors differ by race/ethnicity, mainly due to differences in population prevalence of identified risk factors." url: "https://www.sutterhealth.org/research/publications/racial-differences-gestational-diabetes-prevalence-1055312853" --- 1. [Home](https://www.sutterhealth.org/) / 2. [Research](https://www.sutterhealth.org/research) / 3. [Research publications](https://www.sutterhealth.org/research/publications) / 4. Racial differences: gestational diabetes prevalence, risks. # Racial/ethnic differences in gestational diabetes prevalence and contribution of common risk factors. Pu J, Zhao B, Wang EJ, Nimbal V, Osmundson S, Kunz L, Popat RA, Chung S, & Palaniappan LP. _Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12209. \[Epub ahead of print\]_ 2015-07-22 ## Abstract BACKGROUND: The White House, the American Heart Association, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute have all recently acknowledged the need to disaggregate Asian American subgroups to better understand this heterogeneous racial group. This study aims to assess racial/ethnic differences in relative contribution of risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among Asian subgroups (Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese), Hispanics, non-Hispanic blacks, and non-Hispanic whites. METHODS: Pregnant women in 2007-2012 were identified through California state birth certificate records and linked to the electronic health records in a large mixed-payer ambulatory care organization in Northern California (n = 24 195). Relative risk and population attributable fraction (PAF) for specific racial/ethnic groups were calculated to assess the contributions of advanced maternal age, overweight/obesity (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) standards and World Health Organization (WHO)/American Diabetes Association (ADA) body mass index cut-offs for Asians), family history of type 2 diabetes, and foreign-born status. RESULTS: GDM was most prevalent among Asian Indians (19.3%). Relative risks were similar across all race/ethnic groups. Advanced maternal age had higher PAFs in non-Hispanic whites (22.5%) and Hispanics (22.7%). Meanwhile family history (Asian Indians 22.6%, Chinese 22.9%) and foreign-born status (Chinese 40.2%, Filipinos 30.2%) had higher PAFs in Asian subgroups. Overweight/obesity was the most important GDM risk factor for non-Hispanic whites, Hispanics, Asian Indians, and Filipinos when the WHO/ADA cut-off points were applied. Advanced maternal age was the only risk factor studied that was modified by race/ethnicity, with non-Hispanic white and Hispanic women being more adversely affected than other racial/ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS: Overweight/obesity, advanced maternal age, family history of type 2 diabetes, and foreign-born status are important risk factors for GDM. The relative contributions of these risk factors differ by race/ethnicity, mainly due to differences in population prevalence of these risk factors. [PubMed abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26201385) ## Research topics - [Gestational Diabetes](https://www.sutterhealth.org/research-search-results?query=%22%5C%22Gestational+Diabetes%5C%22%22) - [Medical Informatics](https://www.sutterhealth.org/research-search-results?query=%22%5C%22Medical+Informatics%5C%22%22) ## Related publications [View all publications](https://www.sutterhealth.org/research-search-results?verticalKey=research_publication) - Publication ### [Using the PARAFAC2 tensor factorization on EHR audit data to understand PCP desktop work.](https://www.sutterhealth.org/research/publications/parafac2-tensor-factorization-on-ehr-audit-data-pcp-work-1055312822) Perros I, Yan X, Jones JB, Sun J, Stewart WF. J Biomed Inform. 101:103312. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103312. 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Am J Manag Care. 26(4):e127-e134. doi: 10.37765/ajmc.2020.42840. 2020 Apr 01 [View all publications](https://www.sutterhealth.org/research-search-results?verticalKey=research_publication) ```json {"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"MedicalOrganization","name":"Sutter Health","@id":"https://www.sutterhealth.org/#medicalorganization","url":"https://www.sutterhealth.org","logo":"https://www.sutterhealth.org/static/images/sutter-health-logo.svg","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"2200 River Plaza Drive","addressLocality":"Sacramento","addressRegion":"CA","postalCode":"95833","addressCountry":"US"},"areaServed":{"@type":"AdministrativeArea","name":"California"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/SutterHealth","https://www.instagram.com/sutterhealth/","https://x.com/SutterHealth","https://www.youtube.com/sutterhealth","https://www.linkedin.com/company/sutter-health","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutter_Health"]} ``` ```json {"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.sutterhealth.org/research/publications/racial-differences-gestational-diabetes-prevalence-1055312853#breadcrumblist","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://www.sutterhealth.org/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Research","item":"https://www.sutterhealth.org/research"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Research publications","item":"https://www.sutterhealth.org/research/publications"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"Racial differences: gestational diabetes prevalence, risks."}]} ``` ```json {"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"MedicalScholarlyArticle","@id":"https://www.sutterhealth.org/research/publications/racial-differences-gestational-diabetes-prevalence-1055312853#medicalscholarlyarticle","name":"Racial/ethnic differences in gestational diabetes prevalence and contribution of common risk factors.","headline":"Racial differences: gestational diabetes prevalence, risks.","abstract":"BACKGROUND: The White House, the American Heart Association, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute have all recently acknowledged the need to disaggregate Asian American subgroups to better understand this heterogeneous racial group. This study aims to assess racial/ethnic differences in relative contribution of risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among Asian subgroups (Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese), Hispanics, non-Hispanic blacks, and non-Hispanic whites. METHODS: Pregnant women in 2007-2012 were identified through California state birth certificate records and linked to the electronic health records in a large mixed-payer ambulatory care organization in Northern California (n = 24 195). Relative risk and population attributable fraction (PAF) for specific racial/ethnic groups were calculated to assess the contributions of advanced maternal age, overweight/obesity (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) standards and World Health Organization (WHO)/American Diabetes Association (ADA) body mass index cut-offs for Asians), family history of type 2 diabetes, and foreign-born status. RESULTS: GDM was most prevalent among Asian Indians (19.3%). Relative risks were similar across all race/ethnic groups. Advanced maternal age had higher PAFs in non-Hispanic whites (22.5%) and Hispanics (22.7%). Meanwhile family history (Asian Indians 22.6%, Chinese 22.9%) and foreign-born status (Chinese 40.2%, Filipinos 30.2%) had higher PAFs in Asian subgroups. Overweight/obesity was the most important GDM risk factor for non-Hispanic whites, Hispanics, Asian Indians, and Filipinos when the WHO/ADA cut-off points were applied. Advanced maternal age was the only risk factor studied that was modified by race/ethnicity, with non-Hispanic white and Hispanic women being more adversely affected than other racial/ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS: Overweight/obesity, advanced maternal age, family history of type 2 diabetes, and foreign-born status are important risk factors for GDM. The relative contributions of these risk factors differ by race/ethnicity, mainly due to differences in population prevalence of these risk factors.","description":"Relative contributions of risk factors differ by race/ethnicity, mainly due to differences in population prevalence of identified risk factors.","keywords":["Gestational Diabetes","Medical Informatics"],"datePublished":"2015-07-22","url":"https://www.sutterhealth.org/research/publications/racial-differences-gestational-diabetes-prevalence-1055312853","inLanguage":"en-US","identifier":[{"@type":"PropertyValue","propertyID":"PMID","value":"26201385"},{"@type":"PropertyValue","propertyID":"DOI","value":"10.1111/ppe.12209"}],"sameAs":["https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26201385/","https://doi.org/10.1111/ppe.12209"],"isPartOf":{"@type":"Periodical","name":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},"author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Pu J"},{"@type":"Person","name":"Zhao B"},{"@type":"Person","name":"Wang EJ"},{"@type":"Person","name":"Nimbal V"},{"@type":"Person","name":"Osmundson S"},{"@type":"Person","name":"Kunz L"},{"@type":"Person","name":"Popat RA"},{"@type":"Person","name":"Chung S"},{"@type":"Person","name":"Palaniappan LP"}],"sourceOrganization":{"@type":"MedicalOrganization","name":"Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute"},"about":[{"@type":"DefinedTerm","name":"Gestational Diabetes","url":"https://www.sutterhealth.org/research-search-results?facets=%5B%7B%22i%22%3A%22c_researchTopics.name%22%2C%22v%22%3A%5B%22Gestational+Diabetes%22%5D%7D%5D&verticalKey=research_publication"},{"@type":"DefinedTerm","name":"Medical Informatics","url":"https://www.sutterhealth.org/research-search-results?facets=%5B%7B%22i%22%3A%22c_researchTopics.name%22%2C%22v%22%3A%5B%22Medical+Informatics%22%5D%7D%5D&verticalKey=research_publication"}],"mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.sutterhealth.org/research/publications/racial-differences-gestational-diabetes-prevalence-1055312853","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.sutterhealth.org/research/publications/racial-differences-gestational-diabetes-prevalence-1055312853#breadcrumblist"}}} ```