--- title: "User characteristics, expenditures for oral contraceptives. | Sutter Health" description: "Progestin-only pill (POP) use is very low in US. POP users obtained fewer packs per purchase compared with combined oral contraceptive users." url: "https://www.sutterhealth.org/research/publications/user-chars-expenditures-oral-contraceptives-1055312830" --- 1. [Home](https://www.sutterhealth.org/) / 2. [Research](https://www.sutterhealth.org/research) / 3. [Research publications](https://www.sutterhealth.org/research/publications) / 4. User characteristics, expenditures for oral contraceptives. # User characteristics and out-of-pocket expenditures for progestin-only versus combined oral contraceptives. Liang SY, Grossman D, & Phillips KA. _Contraception. 86(6):666-72. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2012.05.018. Epub 2012 Jul 6._ 2012-12-01 ## Abstract BACKGROUND: Little is known about the proportion of oral contraceptive pill (OCP) users that use progestin-only pills (POPs), factors associated with POP use, and whether out-of-pocket expenditures and dispensing patterns are similar to combined oral contraceptives (COCs). STUDY DESIGN: Observational cohort using 1996-2008 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys. RESULTS: Among all OCP users, 4% used POPs and changed little between 1996 and 2008. Women were more likely to use POPs if they received postpartum care (p<.001), had a diagnosis of hypertension (p<.001) or resided in the West (p<.01). POP users, compared to COC users, were more likely to pay $15 and more (p<.01) and less likely to obtain more than one pack per purchase (p<.001), controlling for age, race/ethnicity and insurance coverage. CONCLUSION: POP use is very low in the United States. POP users obtained fewer packs per purchase compared with COC users, suggesting that POP may be used as transitional OCPs, particularly during the postpartum period. [PubMed abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22770791) ![Su-Ying Liang, Ph.D.](https://dyn.mktgcdn.com/p/cRIUee_GK3HEL1Wq8svqoUApvABjlwVVA-KUHVGzuNw/fit=crop,gravity=auto,dpr=2,width=188,height=250,quality=100) Su-Ying Liang, Ph.D. Principal investigator [View profile](https://www.sutterhealth.org/research/investigators/su-ying-liang-phd-1049681030) ## Research topics - [Health Services](https://www.sutterhealth.org/research-search-results?query=%22%5C%22Health+Services%5C%22%22) - [Medical Informatics](https://www.sutterhealth.org/research-search-results?query=%22%5C%22Medical+Informatics%5C%22%22) - [Obstetrics and Gynecology](https://www.sutterhealth.org/research-search-results?query=%22%5C%22Obstetrics+and+Gynecology%5C%22%22) - [Pharmacoepidemiology](https://www.sutterhealth.org/research-search-results?query=%22%5C%22Pharmacoepidemiology%5C%22%22) - [Women's Health](https://www.sutterhealth.org/research-search-results?query=%22%5C%22Women%27s+Health%5C%22%22) ## Related publications [View all publications](https://www.sutterhealth.org/research-search-results?verticalKey=research_publication) - Publication ### [World Endometriosis Research Foundation Endometriosis Phenome and Biobanking Harmonisation Project: I. Surgical phenotype data collection in endometriosis research.](https://www.sutterhealth.org/research/publications/surgical-phenotype-data-endometriosis-research-1055312881) Becker CM, Laufer MR, Stratton P, Hummelshoj L, Missmer SA, Zondervan KT, Adamson GD; WERF EPHect Working Group. Fertil Steril. 102(5):1213-22. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.709. Epub 2014 Aug 20. 2014 Nov 01 - Publication ### [Synergistic drug combinations from electronic health records and gene expression.](https://www.sutterhealth.org/research/publications/synergistic-drug-combos-ehr-gene-expression-1055312518) Low YS, Daugherty AC, Schroeder EA, Chen W, Seto T, Weber S, Lim M, Hastie T, Mathur M, Desai M, Farrington C, Radin AA, Sirota M, Kenkare P, Thompson CA, Yu PP, Gomez SL, Sledge GW Jr, Kurian AW, Shah NH. J Am Med Inform Assoc. pii: ocw161. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocw161. \[Epub ahead of print\] 2016 Dec 09 - Publication ### [Physicians’ well-being linked to in-basket messages generated by algorithms In electronic health records.](https://www.sutterhealth.org/research/publications/md-well-being-and-in-basket-messages-from-ehr-algorithms-1055312699) Tai-Seale M, Dillon EC, Yang Y, Nordgren R, Steinberg R, Nauenberg T, Lee TC, Meehan A, Li J, Chan AS, Frosch D. Health Aff. 38(7): https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05509. 2019 Jul 01 - Publication ### [World Endometriosis Society consensus on the classification of endometriosis.](https://www.sutterhealth.org/research/publications/world-endometriosis-society-endometriosis-classif-1055312517) Johnson NP, Hummelshoj L, Adamson GD, Keckstein J, Taylor HS, Abrao MS, Bush D, Kiesel L, Tamimi R, Sharpe-Timms KL, Rombauts L, Giudice LC; for the World Endometriosis Society Sao Paulo Consortium. Hum Reprod. \[Epub ahead of print\] 2016 Dec 05 - Publication ### [Linking electronic health records to better understand breast cancer patient pathways within and between two health systems.](https://www.sutterhealth.org/research/publications/link-ehrs-understand-breast-cancer-pathways-1055312796) Thompson CA, Kurian AW, Luft HS. eGEMs (Generating Evidence & Methods to improve patient outcomes). 3(1). 2015 Mar 01 [View all publications](https://www.sutterhealth.org/research-search-results?verticalKey=research_publication) ```json {"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"MedicalOrganization","name":"Sutter Health","@id":"https://www.sutterhealth.org/#medicalorganization","url":"https://www.sutterhealth.org","logo":"https://www.sutterhealth.org/static/images/sutter-health-logo.svg","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"2200 River Plaza Drive","addressLocality":"Sacramento","addressRegion":"CA","postalCode":"95833","addressCountry":"US"},"areaServed":{"@type":"AdministrativeArea","name":"California"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/SutterHealth","https://www.instagram.com/sutterhealth/","https://x.com/SutterHealth","https://www.youtube.com/sutterhealth","https://www.linkedin.com/company/sutter-health","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutter_Health"]} ``` ```json {"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.sutterhealth.org/research/publications/user-chars-expenditures-oral-contraceptives-1055312830#breadcrumblist","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://www.sutterhealth.org/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Research","item":"https://www.sutterhealth.org/research"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Research publications","item":"https://www.sutterhealth.org/research/publications"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"User characteristics, expenditures for oral contraceptives."}]} ``` ```json {"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"MedicalScholarlyArticle","@id":"https://www.sutterhealth.org/research/publications/user-chars-expenditures-oral-contraceptives-1055312830#medicalscholarlyarticle","name":"User characteristics and out-of-pocket expenditures for progestin-only versus combined oral contraceptives.","headline":"User characteristics, expenditures for oral contraceptives.","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Little is known about the proportion of oral contraceptive pill (OCP) users that use progestin-only pills (POPs), factors associated with POP use, and whether out-of-pocket expenditures and dispensing patterns are similar to combined oral contraceptives (COCs). STUDY DESIGN: Observational cohort using 1996-2008 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys. RESULTS: Among all OCP users, 4% used POPs and changed little between 1996 and 2008. Women were more likely to use POPs if they received postpartum care (p\u003c.001), had a diagnosis of hypertension (p\u003c.001) or resided in the West (p\u003c.01). POP users, compared to COC users, were more likely to pay $15 and more (p\u003c.01) and less likely to obtain more than one pack per purchase (p\u003c.001), controlling for age, race/ethnicity and insurance coverage. CONCLUSION: POP use is very low in the United States. POP users obtained fewer packs per purchase compared with COC users, suggesting that POP may be used as transitional OCPs, particularly during the postpartum period.","description":"Progestin-only pill (POP) use is very low in US. 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