BRCA Testing

I’m not sure what BRCA means, but I know it raises breast cancer risk. What is BRCA testing, and what would it tell me?

The BRCA test checks the BRCA genes for mutations that could increase a person’s risk for various cancers, especially breast and ovarian cancers.

BRCA1 (BReast CAncer gene 1) and BRCA2 (BReast CAncer gene 2) are tumor suppressor genes. If these genes have mutations, they can’t work properly, which means your cancer risk can go up. According to the National Cancer Institute, having a BRCA mutation increases your lifetime risk of developing breast cancer to 45-72%.

However, if you test positive for a BRCA gene mutation, that doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll develop cancer.

BRCA Risk Factors

BRCA mutations are rare; only about one in 500 people have a mutation. You’re at higher risk if:

• Your mother or father has a BRCA mutation. You have a 50% chance of inheriting it.
• You have Ashkenazi Jewish heritage. One in 40 Ashkenazi Jewish people have a BRCA mutation.
• You have relatives with breast or ovarian cancer.
• You developed breast cancer at or before age 50 or more than once.

If you have one or more BRCA-mutation risk factors, you’re likely eligible to request genetic testing. Testing typically involves a simple blood draw and results are usually available within a few weeks.

Genetic Counseling

Before genetic testing, you should seriously consider genetic counseling. It can really help to have someone knowledgeable and sensitive to walk you through the practical, medical and emotional issues.

Genetic counseling is often covered by insurance but coverage varies, so check with your insurance carrier. If you meet genetic testing criteria, most insurance plans will cover BRCA testing.

Reviewed by: Agnes Kwan
Licensed Certified Genetic Counselor
Alta Bates Summit Medical Center