Newborn Medications and Vaccinations

Those first hours after birth are filled with cuddles, new experiences — and a few important steps to protect your baby’s health. Before you leave the hospital, your newborn will receive several essential medications and vaccinations designed to prevent serious illnesses and support healthy development.

Understanding what these medications do can help you feel confident about your baby’s care and ready for what’s ahead. 

Hepatitis B Vaccination

Hepatitis B is a serious infection that attacks the liver and spreads through contact with infected blood or body fluids. Babies who become infected at birth are at high risk of developing chronic hepatitis B, which can lead to liver disease or liver cancer later in life.

To prevent infection, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a series of three hepatitis B vaccinations:

• The first dose is often given in the hospital shortly after birth.
• If not, your baby’s healthcare provider will give it during one of the first office visits.

In California, children are required by law to receive the hepatitis B vaccine before starting school. For more details, visit the California Department of Public Health. 

Vitamin K Injection

Newborns are naturally low in vitamin K, which the body needs to help blood clot. Without enough vitamin K, babies are at risk for a rare but dangerous condition called vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB).

To prevent VKDB, all newborns receive a vitamin K injection soon after birth. This simple, one-time shot protects your baby from internal bleeding that could otherwise occur in the brain or intestines. It’s a safe, evidence-based practice that’s recommended by pediatricians worldwide.  

Erythromycin Eye Ointment

Within the first hour after birth, your baby will also receive a small amount of erythromycin ointment in each eye. This antibiotic helps prevent serious eye infections that can occur when bacteria are passed from the birth canal during delivery.

The ointment may make your baby’s vision slightly blurry for a short time, but it doesn’t cause pain — and it plays a big role in protecting your baby’s sight. 

Keeping Your Baby Safe

These early medications and vaccines have been used safely for decades and are supported by strong medical evidence. They give your newborn the best protection against infections and complications during those early, vulnerable days.

If you have questions or would like to learn more, talk with your baby’s healthcare provider. Your care team is there to answer your questions, provide guidance and help you feel confident in every decision you make for your baby’s health.