Chemical Dependency and Aging

Risk Factors for Addiction in Seniors

Many facets of life for older Americans make them vulnerable to addiction. The two most important risk factors are:

• Isolation—A senior may lose a spouse or close friend, or retire. He or she becomes increasingly isolated. According to Kolski, this lack of social structures or organized activities leaves people feeling isolated and lonely. “Living alone and not meeting daily challenges is fertile ground for anxiety disorders,” he says. “Dealing with the world every day eases anxiety. Seeing the world through the TV, people become fearful about whether they can cope.”
• Physical Deterioration—As people age, their livers don’t process alcohol as they once did. So the same two drinks someone has throughout their lives becomes too much in their 70s and 80s. “Drinking too much puts older adults at risk for falling,” Kolski says.

Danger Signs for Substance Abuse

If a family member suspects that a loved one may be abusing drugs or alcohol, what are the warning signs? One big sign to watch for is a loved one who uses multiple pharmacies, “a common way to shop for drugs,” Kolski says.

According to Kolski, here are some things to look for:

• Falls and unexplained bruises
• Poor grooming
• Poor eating
• Needing to drink daily
• Experiencing tremors not related to another disorder of advanced age
• Missing social obligations (although this can also be an early sign of dementia)
• Unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control substance use.

How to Get Help

Finding a way to overcome the social isolation associated with aging is paramount for older Americans. For many, learning to use the internet and having access to email can help ease social isolation, as does getting involved in activities.

“Seniors can keep some contact with the world through email. They can communicate with grandkids and friends,” Kolski says. “But we want them to exercise, go to senior centers or walk with friends, too.” Many community centers offer programs for seniors that can help them connect with others and engage in daily activities.

Quitting drugs or alcohol is also not a do-it-yourself situation. While many seniors are reluctant to ask for help, especially if they fear it could compromise their independence, encourage them to speak to a doctor. Trained addiction specialists who specialize in working with seniors can help them get their lives back on track.