Withdrawal

Withdrawal is when the man withdraws his penis from the vagina before ejaculation. The hope is that this prevents fertilization and pregnancy because the sperm do not enter the vagina.

However, withdrawal is not a recommended birth control method.

Does it Protect Against STIs?

STI stands for sexually transmitted infection. STI risk varies depending on how you choose to protect yourself and your partner during sexual or intimate activities.

Withdrawal does not provide protection from sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV and herpes. Infectious diseases can be transmitted by direct contact with surface lesions and by pre-ejaculatory fluid.

Does it Protect Against Pregnancy?

Effectiveness depends on the male's ability to withdraw before ejaculation. Because this method requires great self-control and experience, this is not a recommended birth control method. 

Pre-ejaculate can contain enough sperm to cause pregnancy. Also, pregnancy is possible if semen or pre-ejaculate spill on the vulva (outside the vagina).

The chances of getting pregnant using withdrawal are 22 percent.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages:

• This method is available when you have no other choice.
• It does not affect breastfeeding.
• There's no cost or use of chemicals.

Disadvantages:

• High risk of pregnancy and STI exposure.
• Interrupts the act of sex.
• No guarantee that a man can "pull out" in time.
• Pre-ejaculate can contain enough sperm to cause pregnancy.

Last Reviewed: January 2019