Ready for change? The role of physician and staff engagement, burnout, and workplace attributes.

We examined factors associated with change readiness among 343 primary care physicians and 590 nonphysician staff undergoing "Lean"-based process improvements.

Baseline levels of engagement were associated with greater readiness for change across all measured domains.

Job-related burnout correlated with greater need for change, but lower self-efficacy and perceived support, whereas a personal sense of accomplishment was associated with higher efficacy to implement changes.

At a department level, teamwork, participation in decision making, and change history were associated with higher engagement and lower burnout among physicians and staff; conversely, a busy or stressful department correlated with lower engagement and higher burnout.