No beneficial effects of pine bark extract on cardiovascular disease risk factors
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Although modifiable cardiovasculardiseaseriskfactors are common, some patients eschew conventional drug treatments in favor of natural alternatives. Pinebarkextract, a dietary supplement source of antioxidant oligomeric proanthocyanidin complexes, has multiple putative cardiovascular benefits. Studies published to date about the supplement have notable methodological limitations.
METHODS:
We randomized 130 individuals with increased cardiovasculardiseaserisk to take 200 mg of a water-based extract of pinebark (n = 64; Toyo-FVG, Toyo Bio-Pharma, Torrance, California; Shinyaku Co, Ltd, Saga, Japan; also marketed as Flavagenol in Japan) or placebo (n = 66) once per day. Blood pressure, our primary outcome, and other cardiovasculardiseaseriskfactors were measured at baseline and at 6 and 12 weeks. Statistical analyses were conducted using regression models.
RESULTS:
Baseline characteristics did not differ between the study groups. Over the 12-week intervention, the sum of systolic and diastolic blood pressures decreased by 1.0 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, -4.2 to 2.1 mm Hg) in the pinebarkextract-treated group and by 1.9 mm Hg (-5.5 to 1.7 mm Hg) in the placebo group (P = .87). Other outcomes were likewise not significantly different, including body mass index, lipid panel measures, liver transaminase test results, lipoprotein cholesterol particle size, and levels of insulin, lipoprotein(a), fasting glucose, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. There were no subgroups for whom intake of pinebarkextract affected cardiovasculardiseaseriskfactors.
CONCLUSIONS:
This pinebarkextract (at a dosage of 200 mg/d) was safe but was not associated with improvement in cardiovasculardiseaseriskfactors. Although variations among participants, dosages, and chemical preparations could contribute to different findings compared with past studies, our results are consistent with a general failure of antioxidants to demonstrate cardiovascular benefits.