What Is ALS?

What is ALS?

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. These nerve cells, called motor neurons, help control voluntary muscle movements like walking, talking, swallowing and breathing. Over time, ALS causes motor neurons to deteriorate and eventually stop working. This leads to muscle weakness and the loss of movement and coordination.

You may have also heard ALS referred to as Lou Gehrig's disease, named after the legendary baseball player who brought public awareness to the disease in the 1930s. Decades later, physicist Stephen Hawking inspired many by living with ALS for more than 55 years.

ALS is considered a neurodegenerative disorder, meaning its symptoms worsen over time. People with ALS may first notice symptoms like muscle weakness or twitching in the arms or legs. Other symptoms may include:

• Difficulty swallowing
• Muscle twitching (fasciculations)
• Slurred speech or hoarseness
• Stiff muscles or cramping
• Weakness in the arms, legs or speech muscles

Early ALS symptoms can vary and may resemble other neurological conditions. Because of this, doctors often use a combination of tests to pinpoint a diagnosis:

• Blood and urine tests: Ch eck for other possible causes of symptoms
• Electromyography (EMG): Measures muscle activity and electrical signals
• MRI scans: Rule out other issues affecting your brain or spine
• Nerve conduction studies: Assess how well your nerves send messages

While there isn’t a cure for the disease yet, ALS treatments and support can help people live more comfortably and independently. At Sutter, the Forbes Norris MDA/ALS Research & Treatment Center has been a national leader in ALS care and research for more than 40 years. With the help of generous donors, we offer comprehensive care, support services and access to cutting-edge clinical trials.