Variations of Labor

Every labor is unique, and sometimes it doesn’t progress exactly as expected. It can be hard to tell whether you're in labor, especially as a first-time mom. Contractions may start and stop, last longer than usual, or even move more quickly than you imagined. These variations are common, and while they can be tiring or surprising, there are ways to cope and feel supported along the way. Learn about the different types of labor and read our tips on what may help you relax.

Prodromal Labor

In prodromal labor, the early phase of labor (when the cervix dilates from closed to about 3–4 centimeters) takes longer than usual. Contractions may continue for hours or days without increasing in intensity.

This kind of labor can feel exhausting, especially since it uses up energy you’ll want later for active labor and delivery. Try alternating activity and rest — take a short walk, shower or do light stretching, then balance it with naps or quiet time. While resting, you might sip fluids, watch a movie or listen to calming music. Sometimes, your obstetrician or midwife may recommend medication to help you sleep, which may also encourage labor to progress.

Back Labor

Back labor happens when much of the discomfort is felt in the lower back. Often this occurs when the baby is in a posterior position (facing the mother’s abdomen).

Unlike typical labor, contractions may be felt mostly in your back, which can make it harder to know if true labor has begun. You may notice residual back pain even between contractions. The pushing stage can also be longer, as the baby may need extra time to rotate. Some babies remain in the posterior position and are still delivered safely.

Try these methods to ease back labor:

• Ask your provider about sterile water injections, which can relieve pain for some women.
• Apply counter pressure to the lower back using a partner’s hand, a firm object, or even tennis balls.
• Change positions often — kneeling on hands and knees, leaning forward, or resting weight on your elbows may help.
• Try heat or cold — warm showers, hot water bottles or ice packs can soothe discomfort.

Prolonged Labor

Prolonged labor means progress is slower than average, sometimes due to the baby’s position, size, or an epidural started early.

It’s natural to feel frustrated or discouraged, but remember — every labor unfolds differently. Relaxation is key. Try walking, standing or squatting during contractions to use gravity. Warm showers or baths can also help. Focus on one contraction at a time and allow your body to move at its own pace.

Precipitous Labor

On the opposite end of the spectrum, precipitous labor progresses very quickly. Contractions may come one right after the other, leaving little time to recover between them.

If this happens, call your doctor or midwife right away. If birth feels imminent, call 911 and follow the dispatcher’s instructions until help arrives.

Augmented Labor

Sometimes, contractions don’t move labor forward as expected. When this happens, your doctor may recommend steps to progress or induce labor. If your water hasn’t broken, your provider may rupture the membranes to stimulate contractions. If that doesn’t work, intravenous medication (such as Pitocin) may be used to help labor progress safely.

Remember: Every Labor Is Different

Whether your labor is long, short, intense or unpredictable, you’re not alone. Your care team is there to support you and make sure you and your baby stay safe. Trust your body, lean on your partner or support person, and know that no matter how your labor unfolds, the goal is the same — a healthy, safe delivery and your first moments with your baby.