Menopause care

Menopause is the point when you've gone 12 months in a row without a period. It's a natural part of aging. Your ovaries stop releasing eggs and produce less estrogen. Most people reach it between 45 and 55, and it can happen earlier for some.

Perimenopause is the transition into menopause. It's the months or years before your periods stop for good. Your hormones shift, your cycles change and symptoms like hot flashes, sleep issues and mood changes can kick in. It can last anywhere from a few months to several years.

Perimenopause usually starts in your 40s, though it can begin earlier. One of the first signs is a change in your periods. They may get shorter or longer, heavier or lighter or less predictable. You might also notice hot flashes, night sweats, sleep problems, mood changes, brain fog, vaginal dryness or changes in sexual function. Menopause is reached when you've gone 12 months in a row without a period. If you've had a hysterectomy, use hormonal contraception or have another condition that affects your periods, it can be harder to tell where you are in the transition. Your doctor can help you figure it out.

Menopause itself is one point in time: 12 months without a period. The symptoms that come with the transition can last for years before and after. Everyone's timeline is different. If symptoms are affecting your daily life, talk with your doctor. You have options. 

Most people start the transition in their 40s and reach menopause around 51 to 52, on average in the U.S. Everyone's timeline is a little different. Some go through it earlier because of genetics, surgery or medical treatment. If you're noticing symptoms in your 30s or 40s, talk with your doctor.

No, it isn't always cancer. In fact, there are many common reasons for bleeding after menopause. However, it's still something you want to have checked. Don't wait it out — contact your doctor.