Understanding Labor Induction 

Sometimes labor needs a little help getting started. Learn why your provider might recommend an induction, how it works and what to expect if it becomes part of your birth plan. 

What Is Labor Induction? 

Labor induction is when your OB uses medications or other techniques to start or progress labor instead of waiting for it to begin on its own. It’s usually recommended when the benefits of delivering your baby outweigh the risks of continuing the pregnancy.

Some common reasons for induction include:

• Your pregnancy is two or more weeks past your due date (post-term pregnancy)
• Your water breaks, but contractions don’t start (premature rupture of membranes)
• You have certain health conditions, such as high blood pressure, gestational diabetes or preeclampsia
• Your baby has stopped growing or there is too little amniotic fluid (oligohydramnios)
• There are problems with the placenta or concerns about the baby’s health

Labor induction may also be recommended if labor begins but stops progressing. 

How Does It Work? 

Your provider will examine you and check your cervix before deciding the best way to begin induction. They’ll also consider your overall health, your baby’s health and how far along you are in your pregnancy.

There are several ways to induce labor, including:

• Breaking your water: Your provider may gently rupture the amniotic sac
• Cervical ripening: Medications or a small balloon can be used to soften and open the cervix
• Medications to start contractions: Oxytocin (Pitocin) can be given through an IV to stimulate contractions

Throughout the process, your baby will be closely monitored to make sure they’re handling labor well. 

When Does Induction Happen? 

In most cases, providers wait until at least 39 weeks of pregnancy to induce labor, unless there’s a medical reason to deliver earlier. Inductions can take time — sometimes 24 hours or longer — especially if your cervix isn’t ready when the process begins.  

Are There Risks?

Labor induction is common and generally safe, but it can sometimes lead to longer labor or increase the chances of needing a cesarean birth, especially for first-time parents. Your provider will weigh these risks with you and explain why induction is recommended. 

Can I Ask for an Induction? 

Asking for labor induction when there isn’t a medical need is called elective induction. Some people choose this option if they live far from a hospital or birth center, or if they have a history of very fast labor and want to avoid giving birth without medical support. 

Adapting Your Birth Plan to Changes 

If induction is needed for your or your baby’s health, your care team will support you every step of the way. Your OB will explain why it’s recommended, how it will be done and will monitor you and your baby closely throughout the process.

If you’d like to learn more, ask about labor induction at your next prenatal visit so you can feel confident in your birth plan.